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Emergence of Broadleaf Crops
Most broadleaf crops are known as dicotyledonous (dicots) because the seed embryo has two leaves. Our most common broadleaf crops emerge from the soil by an active hypocotyl (most common emergence mechanism) or an active epicotyl. With hypocotyl emergence the stem below the cotyledons (seed leaves) grows and elongates, bringing the cotyledons and the growing point for all new leaves above the soil surface.
Broadleaf crops that emerge by an active hypocotyl include alfalfa, canola, crambe, flax, sunflowers, buckwheat, soybeans, and dry beans. Cold temperatures and cultivation are management concerns during emergence with these crops because damage to the growing point above ground may result in death to the plant. Chickpeas, peas, Lentils and fababeans have epicotyle emergence where the growing point stays below the soil surface during and after emergence.
Temperatures of 32 degrees F and below will kill buckwheat, soybeans, and dry beans while alfalfa, canola, crambe, flax, and sunflowers will tolerate temperatures in the mid-20's. Use of a harrow or rotary hoe to break soil crust or for weed control is not recommended for any of these crops during emergence.
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